8.1 Upper-limb joint loads

Ergoniza Intelligent begins calculating joint loads at the wrists. It then applies the procedure described in the preceding section to calculate the loads transmitted through the elbows and shoulders. At each step, the weight of the corresponding segment and any external loads acting on it are included. Finally, the calculation of loads at the L5/S1 joint combines the forces and moments transmitted through both shoulders with the weight of the torso and head, as well as external loads applied to the torso, head, neck, or upper limbs.